What are the PBL Elements?
1. Students must have the responsibility for their own learning.
In this way students can design their learning to meet individual needs.
2. The problem simulations used in problem-based learning must be ill-structured and allow for free inquiry.
3. Learning should be integrated from a wide range of disciplines or subjects.
4. Collaboration is essential.
5. What students learn during their self-directed learning must be applied back to the problem with reanalysis and resolution.
6. Reflection of what has been learned from work with the problem and a discussion of what concepts and principles have been learned is essential.
7. Self and peer assessment should be carried out at the completion of each problem and at the end of every curricular unit.
8. The activities carried out in problem-based learning must be those valued in the real world.
9. Student assessments, in addition to self and peer, must measure student progress towards the goals of problem-based learning such as problem-solving skills, self-directed learning skills, and ability to recall and apply an integrated knowledge base in work with a problem.
10. Problem-based learning must be the pedagogical base in the curriculum and not part of a didactic, teacher-directed curriculum. Problem-based learning requires that students are active learners, responsible for their own learning and have adequate time for self-directed learning.